Spatial Structure and Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Emissions Due to Commuting: An Analysis of Italian Urban Areas

C<sc>irilli</sc> A. and V<sc>eneri</sc> P. Spatial structure and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions due to commuting: an analysis of Italian urban areas, <italic>Regional Studies</italic>. This paper investigates whether and to what extent the spatial configuration of an urban area affects the production of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions due to commuting. It disentangles the effect - in terms of commuting patterns and, ultimately, polluting emissions - of several features of urban spatial structure such as compactness, monocentricity, concentration and functional diversity. The main finding of the 111 largest Italian urban areas analysed is that urban spatial configuration is an important determinant of commuting patterns and the associated level of per passenger CO₂ emissions. In particular, smaller, more compact and less monocentric areas are associated with lower levels of CO₂ per commuter, with socio-demographic characteristics also playing a role.