Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems have higher power and fuel efficiency than multi-point injection (MPI) systems. The direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber leads to improved fuel economy because intake air is cooled by fuel evaporation. Direct fuel injection also improves knock resistance and volume efficiency. Furthermore, spray-guided direct injection (DI) combustion systems allow stratified lean combustion operation due to their ability to eliminate wall-wetting and form ignitable stratified mixtures near spark plugs.