The evolution and performance of spin-off ventures: Integration and elaboration of existing models

The article aims to give an overview of the main models in the spin-off research field and to streamline further research in this domain. The main evolution and performance models known in literature will be analysed. The evolution models will be discussed in increasing order of complexity. However, the existing models will prove to be inadequate to reflect the real-life situation. Therefore, a new integrative model will be discussed. Afterwards, the main performance models will be presented, after a short overview of the factors influencing venture performance that have already been identified in literature.