The integration of nautical charts to reconstruct 3D harbor area models and apply assisted navigation

In this study, we combined the advantages of bitmaps and remote sensing data to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) harbor models and establish a new simulation navigation system. The models employ triangular elements to reconstruct the topology relationships between the seabed and the harbor area contour map segmentation, thereby producing the grids and polygons of harbor models and the irregular triangular surfaces of land models. Subsequently, sonar data can be inputted repeatedly to detail the extrapolation operators of seabed geography and construct a complete 3D harbor model. The elements and characteristics of simulated environment technologies were included in this study. They enable 3D graphics to be applied in numerous fields and greatly increase the quality of project planning and design by reducing costs and risks, accelerating project implementation, and strengthening the awareness, understanding, and management of integration at various stages, thereby bringing substantial economic benefits to harbor areas. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013