Third generation of nationally determined contributions: The heart of the Paris Agreement is at stake

The signatories of the Paris Agreement are required to submit new nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by 10 February 2025, laying out targets for 2035. These third generation NDCs - "NDCs 3.0" - are supposed to serve as comprehensive investment and transformation plans and incorporate the findings of the Global Stocktake (GST). The GST was agreed at COP 28 in Dubai to keep the 1.5 degree target within reach. However, hardened fronts between developing and developed countries obstruct the establishment of a progressive coalition to develop ambitious NDCs. Germany and the European Union could inject new life into the NDC 3.0 process by stepping up technical support, promoting diplomatic initiatives and embracing Brazil as a key actor