Gutiérrez Chacón, Eduardo; Martín Machuca, César - 2021
obtain a database combining annual tariffs applied to Spanish products over the years 1995-2019 from WITS and bilateral extra …-EU Spanish goods exports from Eurostat, with a product disaggregation level at 6 digits. We estimate the effect of tariffs both ….e. exports intensive margin) through a gravity equation. The findings of this paper show that higher tariffs reduce exports …