The study to support the fitness check of the AAQ Directives focusses on assessing the implementation (including successes and challenges) of the AAQ Directives. This retrospective exercise, focussing on the period 2008 to 2018 has the aim of identifying what worked well or less well in the...

In the context of the requirement to propose an intermediate EU climate target for 2040, the European Commission (EC) conducted consultation activities aimed at supporting the corresponding impact assessment. These consultation activities are summarised comprehensively in this in-depth report.

The findings from the IPCC (2018) report led the EU to review the ambition of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement and subsequently the European Commission announced the European Green Deal in December 2019, which proposes to raise the ambition level of the EU's...

This report provides an overview of the prior declaration tools implemented by the Member States and their characteristics. In addition, based on data from these prior declaration tools, figures for reference year 2022 are reported on the characteristics, extent, and impact of posted workers....

The terms and conditions of employment of posted workers are regulated by Directive 96/71/EC (i.e., the Posting of Workers Directive), amended by Directive (EU) 2018/957. Posted workers are entitled to a set of core rights in force in the host Member State. This set of rights consists of:...

In the growing market for 'green' products and services, the clarity and accuracy of producers' and traders' claims referring to environmentally friendly characteristics of products and services becomes increasingly important. Consumers require accurate and clear information to make informed...

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

The study defines five future scenarios for the EU postal sector with a time horizon of 2040 to identify key challenges and market failures. The 'baseline' scenario focuses on the most 'probable' evolution of key indicators describing the postal sector based on the evidence available today....

This report, commissioned by the European Commission (DG CLIMA), develops and analyses novel policy options aimed at a shift to low-carbon mobility helping to decarbonise the transport sector in line with the recommended EU 2040 climate target, which seeks a 90% reduction in net greenhouse gas...