The increasing population and emerging business opportunities have led to a rise in consumer spending. Consequently, global credit card companies, including banks and financial institutions, face the challenge of managing the associated credit risks. It is crucial for these institutions to...

A greater firm-level transparency through enhanced disclosure provides more information regarding the risk situation of an insurer to its outside stakeholders such as stock investors and policyholders. The disclosure of the insurer's risktaking can result in negative influences on, for example,...

Censorship is widely observed in both developed and developing countries across the globe. Many policymakers and platforms filter out certain sensitive content to reduce its consumption and the corresponding social damage. However, censorship cannot perfectly eliminate all sensitive content, and...

The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was developed to upgrade the FAO methodology for forest products outlook projections. Its purpose is to analyze and project the consumption, production, trade, and prices of forest products. The system deals with 180 individual countries, three classes of...

Conditional value at risk (CVaR) has been widely used as a risk measure in finance. When the confidence level of CVaR is set close to 1, the CVaR risk measure approximates the extreme (worst scenario) risk measure. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the...

With the rapid development of e-commerce, enterprises need to improve their distribution networks to accommodate the increasing requirements regarding the quality of customer service and the rising costs of the logistics. We investigate a distribution network design problem involving various...