Some cities in the U.S. are using sewer surcharges based on the strength of wastes discharged to induce industrial firms to decrease their discharges of water-carried wastes. Many other cities are either in the process of instituting sewer surcharges or are considering instituting them. This...

Managing uncertainty is an unavoidable challenge in a variety of decision contexts. On many occasions, objective data are not available, necessitating the use of experts. However, research into procedures to elicit and aggregate information from experts is difficult to validate or test...

Managing uncertainty is an unavoidable challenge in a variety of decision contexts. If empirical data are available, statistics can be used to assist decision-making. If objective data are absent, experts are commonly used as a source of subjective probability estimates about the variable of...