Abstract Europe’s current energy strategy focuses on a functioning internal energy market, security of supply, energy efficiency and the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies. In this article, we discuss selected European energy policy actions from an economic...

The European Commission has intensively examined the mandatory separation of natural gas transmission from production and services. However, economic theory is ambiguous on the price effects of vertical separation. In this paper, we empirically analyze the effect of ownership unbundling of gas...

Supply shocks in the global gas market may affect countries differently, as the market is regionally interlinked but not perfectly integrated. Additionally, high supply-side concentration may expose countries to market power in different ways. To evaluate the strategic position of importing...