Due to the excess consumption of natural resources and the severe deterioration of the environment, people are having a growing consciousness of environmental protection and more concerned of air pollution problems. However, the thermal power plant, as one of the main pollution sources, burns a...

Two game models are developed based on production costs and scope economies to investigate the widely observed multi-client outsourcing (MCO) phenomenon. Analytical results demonstrate that outsourcers' high in-house production costs and the advantage of scope economies motivate firms to...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of an upstream supplier and a downstream firm that are bound by a wholesale price contract. CSR performance (the outcome of CSR conduct) of the whole supply chain is gauged by a global variable and the...