Matching methods for treatment evaluation based on a conditional independence assumption do not balance selective unobserved differences between treated and nontreated. We derive a simple correction term if there is an instrument that shifts the treatment probability to zero in specific cases....

This Paper exploits area-based piloting and age-related eligibility rules to identify treatment effects of a labour market program – the New Deal for Young People in the UK. A central focus is on substitution/displacement effects and on equilibrium wage effects. The programme includes...