The Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy initiative, hereafter called "Covenant" or "CoM", brings together local and regional authorities voluntarily committing to develop and implement a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) containing measures to reduce their energy (and...

We document two independent analyses that were conducted to support the inclusion of cold-start emissions in the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure. First, we present the results of a scoping review on cold-start frequencies and trip distances in Europe. Second, we present a scenario...

This report describes the production of the reference material BCR-162R, certified for its fatty acid profile. It contains all the required steps that ensure the high quality of the final product, from the processing to the value assignment, such as the homogeneity and stability studies,...

The Decision 406/2009/EC on effort sharing aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from sectors not covered by the EU Emission Trading System. These non-ETS sectors include (non aviation) transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. The Decision establishes national emission targets below which...

Particulate matter samples were collected during two episodes of thermal inversion (14.01-2.3.2006) and at four different air monitoring stations in Krakow (Agri: urban background site, Indu: industrial site at Nowa Huta, Poly: domestic coal heating district, Traffic: traffic site) and from the...

Regulation 2016/427 introduced on-road testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) to complement the laboratory Type I test for the type approval of light-duty vehicles in the European Union. A NOx conformity factor of 1.5 will apply from January 2020/2021. This conformity factor...

The emissions from small stationary combustion activities sector, in particular from the energy needs for residential buildings, have significant shares in total emissions of EU28. Therefore, measures to mitigate the emissions from this less regulated sector related to implementation checking...

In the diesel sector, engine technology is in continuous development and a number of after-treatment systems have been found which in combination with an enhanced fuel quality reduce emissions of PM, such as the oxidative catalyst and the particle trap. Today, the oxidative catalyst is...