-being and investigates its implication for poverty reduction. Data were collected randomly from 245 smallholders in the province …

farming by itself does not appear to provide an efficient means of reducing poverty, nor does it provide an institutional tool …

There is no consensus about how globalization –trade and foreign investments – affects poverty reduction. Using … household survey data, this study contributes to the empirical literature on globalization and poverty by analyzing the …, full vertical integration and complete exclusion of smallholder suppliers. We analyze and quantify income and poverty …

This paper studies how the internal structure of agriculture export markets and the level of competition affect poverty … the poverty impacts of those changes in the value chains for twelve case studies. We investigate the average impact for …

analyse the impacts of certification on poverty alleviation and to identify the critical factors which explain success or … results indicate that certification schemes have a low impact on poverty, including the aspect of food security. Reasons are … conclude that unfair trading conditions are not the main cause of poverty among smallholder coffee growers in Nicaragua. Thus …