Securing access to “lead markets” is generally regarded as a key driver for the increasing globalization of innovation since these are considered to be “early indicators” for emerging customer needs. Such markets, therefore, offer a good chance of uncertainty reduction for in the...

A recent phenomenon of globalisation has come to be known as "Knowledge Process Outsourcing" (KPO), whereby knowledge-intensive R&D work is outsourced to an outside firm or an offshore-subsidiary. Primary motives of KPO are thought to be availability of highly-skilled labour, locations of...

Traditionally the protection of intellectual property is regarded as a pre-condition for value capture. The rise of open source (OS) software and OStangible products, so-called open design, has challenged this understand-ing. Openness is often regarded as a dichotomous variable (open-source...