within the context of technological innovation. We differentiate among a firm's direct ties, indirect ties and degree of …

the rate of innovation for companies with small patent and alliance portfolios. However, when the patent portfolio and … technologies have higher levels of innovation performance in subsequent years than companies that solely invest in incremental …

Using a unique firm level data set on learning and product innovation in Tanzanian manufacturing and commercial farming … for product innovation. The results indicate that larger and foreign owned firms invest significantly more in human and … and specialised labour - necessary for product innovation in imperfect markets. …

of MNE R&D. Innovation can be undertaken in order to adapt its existing products and services to local stimuli. This is … 'demand-driven R&D'. Innovation can also be in stand-alone R&D facilities which are considerably more knowledgeintensive, and … tendency to focus on FDI flows is flawed, since knowledge exchanges and innovation are establishment level phenomena. An MNE …

the MNC. At the same time, the innovation systems perspective is necessary to explain the foundations of the industry. The …

Using innovation survey data on a sample of UK manufacturing firms, Laursen and Salter 2006 documented a non … for radical innovation in our sample. Based on multiple research streams including economics of innovation and development … developing context, a wider range of innovation obstacles implies broader external search and more intense obstacles require …