We study the financial engineering aspects of operational flexibility of energy assets. The current practice relies on a representation that uses strips of European spark-spread options, ignoring the operational constraints. Instead, we propose a new approach based on a stochastic impulse...

In this paper, we give a method for computing the fair insurance fee associated with the guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) clause included in many variable annuity contracts. We allow for partial withdrawals, a common feature in most GMDB contracts, and determine how this affects the GMDB...