The authors, specialists in development, argue that what they call dirigismeâan a priori set of requirements for economic developmentâhas led to the preeminence of the strong and the exclusion of the weak. They advocate a learning-centered approach to development, which in turn emphasizes the...

The author is a widely respected international specialist who mixes orthodox and unorthodox solutions according to how he perceives development policy has worked in the past. In this article, he shows that there are two pieces to the development puzzle, each difficult. One is the development of...