This study investigates the impact of excluding stock options for non-executive directors (NEDs) on the relationship between executive pay and firm performance. The research focuses on accounting measures and market performance. Using a sample of 220 non-financial firms, including 110 listed...

During recent times of uncertainty, sustainable marketing and sustainable finance became hot research topics attracting both academics and practitioners. Although centering marketing efforts around the firm's Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)...

Recently, there has been a growing concern regarding the impact of businesses on the environment and society and the pursuit of profit maximization. The current scenario has led to increased attention toward ESG disclosure and sustainability reporting and their probable impact on the performance...

Motivated by agency theory, this study seeks to understand the effect of the country-level national governance system on the extent of corporate risk-taking in the MENA region. The study employs a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to evaluate the influence of governance...