Under the assumption that electric utilities minimize their capital, labor, and electric losses costs in each local distribution system, capital input demand functions are developed at a highly disaggregated level and econometrically estimated, using cross-sectional data on 55 communities served...

The geophysical, technological and economic characteristics of low-temperature geothermal district heating systems are analyzed and illustrated by a review of actual systems around the world. The various interactions and cost trade-offs which characterize such systems are then integrated within...

A long-term simulation model is developed to evaluate the impacts of different market expansion policies for a natural gas distribution utility serving a multi-county region. The model is based on economic, engineering, accounting, and regulatory relationships, and is designed to replicate the...