Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the local minima issue encountered in motion planning by the artificial potential field (APF) method, investigate the currently existing approaches and analyze four types of previous methods. Based on the conclusions of analysis, this paper...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the traditional bug algorithms for the navigation of mobile robots in unknown environments by considering the limitations in previous works such as generating long path, limited to static environments as well as ignoring implementation issues....