Based on a sample of 82 Swedish managers and 86 Russian managers, this study investigates whether similar factors motivate middle managers in Sweden and Russia. Hypotheses are formulated using our understanding of national cultural differences and several popular theories of motivation: need...

Choosing a leader with an appropriate leadership style is critical for a firm's success. Thus, it is important to understand which leadership styles are most effective. Furthermore, past research suggests that different leadership styles are effective in different national contexts. However,...

This paper investigates the importance of firms forming joint ventures having similar organizational climates such that the chances of inter-party conflict arising will be minimized. The study is based on 40 Russian international joint ventures (IJVs) and has both qualitative and quantitative...

We conceptualize the transfer of organizational practices from headquarters to subsidiaries of multinational corporations as encompassing three dimensions: implementation, integration and internalization. To shed light on the distinct natures of the different dimensions of transfer we examine...

This study investigated the changes taking place in HRM practices found in European-owned units in China between 1996 and 2006 in conjunction with the transformation of the context in which they are operating. Our study presents clear evidence for the convergence of HRM found in local Chinese...

The present paper reports the results of a survey of the use of the subsidiary board of directors (SBs) in French and Norwegian manufacturing units owned by Swedish and Finnish MNCs. In addition to presenting data on the composition of the SBs, and the importance of different roles that SBs may...

This article discusses the role played by social relationships when penetrating a foreign business network. In the business network literature social bonds have been identified as a dimension of buyer-seller relationships, but few studies have actually focused on this issue. The present study...

Given the importance of local (external) network embeddedness for an MNC subsidiary's ability to create new knowledge, a crucial question is what factors affect this local embeddedness. Despite its obvious relevance, few efforts have been made in the MNC literature to deal with this issue. In...