Focusing on recent judgments from the Court of Justice of the European Union this article investigates how the notion of ‘restriction' – which is the first step in examining whether there is an infringement of the free movement rights – is used in cases involving company law measures....

This article examines the current regulation of branches of foreign companies in Union law and in the laws of five Member States. First there is an examination of how the Member States regulate when foreign companies can and must register a branch, and it is shown that the lack of a definition...