health services without co-pays. Our intent-to-treat estimates show that SP reduced child mortality by 7% in poor …

An open question in the literature is whether families compensate or reinforce the impact of child health shocks …. Discussions usually focus on one dimension of child investment. This paper examines multiple dimensions using household survey … data on Chinese child twins whose average age is 11. We find that, compared with a twin sibling who did not suffer from …

of the fetus and of the newborn are more informative about the prenatal environment and more predictive of child health … and development, beyond birth weight. Our results are robust to correcting for measurement error and accounting for child …

more informative about different dimensions of the prenatal environment and more predictive of child growth and cognitive … development, beyond birth weight. Additionally, patterns of fetal growth are predictive of child physical and mental health … conditions, beyond health at birth. Our results are robust to correcting for measurement error, and to accounting for child- and …