The investigation of the fractal nature of financial data has been growing in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the efficiency of agricultural futures markets by using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). To better...

Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan is just established in this century, which is responsible for quality checks in higher educational institutes. This study describes the quality assurance framework and its passage toward expanding Pakistan's higher learning institutions. It intends...