This article considers the sources of long-term economic growth for Turkey over the period 1880–2005. The period in question covers the decline and eventual dissolution of the former Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the new Turkish Republic in 1923. Hence, the article provides a unique look...

This paper derives estimates of the degree of the returns to scale for 2-digit US manufacturing industries using the cost-based primal and dual equations implied by firms' cost-minimization problem. The purpose is to reconcile the cyclical behavior of the primal and dual productivity residuals...