This study investigates the relationships between neighbourhood change and spatial transformation in the North Carolina Piedmont region between 1980 and 2010. The dominant patterns of neighbourhood change, on the one hand, conform to some classical models of metropolitan structure, and, on the...

Cointegration and vector autoregression are used to examine relationships among exports, imports, and income in Taiwan from 1971 to 1995. These three series are cointegrated. There is bidirectional Granger causality between exports and imports, and between imports and income. Impulse responses...

We examine transshipment incentives in a decentralized supply chain where a monopolist distributes a product through independent retailers. A key insight is that the transshipment price determines whether the firms benefit from, or are hurt by, transshipment. In particular, we show that the...

With the rapid development of express delivery industry, the service quality becomes a topic of interest for academic research. This paper extended the previous research by studying the learning effect in express delivery industry. We propose a two-period model to analyse how the learning effect...

Mutation operator is one of the mechanisms of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and it can provide diversity in the search and help to explore the undiscovered search place. Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), which is inspired by fundamental theory of PSO algorithm and quantum...