In this research, we study a general multi-period inventory model for a buyer and his supplier. We propose an adjustment contract to allow the buyer to adjust his inventory levels upwards or downwards. Thus, the buyer has more flexibility in inventory control so as to reduce his inventory risk....

The congestion risk during escalator transfers was simulated based on a modified social force model. A four-stage transfer model was proposed. A projection strategy was employed to calculate the social forces for inclined surfaces, and a schedule-line model was proposed to calculate the targets...

There exist sticky price models in which the output response to a government spending change can be large if the central bank is nonresponsive to inflation. According to this “expected inflation channel,” government spending drives up expected inflation, which in turn, reduces the real...

This paper investigates the dynamic dependence between crude oil prices and stock markets in ten countries across the Asia-Pacific region during the period from January 4, 2000 to March 30, 2012 by using unconditional and conditional copula models. The model is implemented using an AR (p)-GARCH...

A type of trampling process that is caused by picking-up activities during escalator transfers was studied in this paper. A five-stage trampling model for individual pedestrians was proposed, and the social force model was modified considering the transfer features. Several scenarios were...

There exist sticky price models in which the output response to a government spending change can be large if the central bank is nonresponsive to inflation. According to this “expected inflation channel," government spending drives up expected inflation, which in turn, reduces the real...

Field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in the Weibei Highlands of China to determine the effects of cultivation with ridge and furrow mulching on soil temperature, moisture, and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. Ridges were covered with plastic film in all the treatments....

Countries vary widely with respect to the share of government spending on health, a metric that can serve as a proxy for the extent to which health is prioritized by governments. World Health Organization (WHO) data estimate that, in 2011, health's share of aggregate government expenditure in...