are regulated, including the need to obtain a charter to operate and explicit and implicit federal guarantees of bank … liabilities to reduce the probability of bank runs. These aspects of banking affect a bankś choice of risk vs. expected return …, which, in turn, affects bank performance. Banks have an incentive to reduce risk to protect the valuable charter from …

, the paper bridges the gulf between (1) the banking literature that studies moral hazard effects of bank regulation without … the microeconomics of bank production without explicitly considering how banks' production decisions influence their … bank managers cost minimization versus value maximization are estimated using U.S. data on highest-level bank holding …

bank liabilities to reduce the probability of bank runs. These aspects of banking affect a bank's choice of risk versus … expected return, which, in turn, affects bank performance. Banks have an incentive to reduce risk to protect their valuable …-of-funds subsidy of mispriced deposit insurance. These are contrasting incentives tied to bank size. Measuring bank performance and its …