The COVID-19 pandemic severely tested the resilience and robustness of supply chains for medically critical items and various common household goods. Severe and prolonged shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators in the United States have revealed vulnerabilities in the...

Distributing scarce resources such as COVID-19 vaccines is often a highly time-sensitive and mission-critical operation. On top of that, most COVID-19 vaccines require two doses to be administered three or four weeks apart. How to effectively roll out two-dose vaccines is a crucial policy...

The response to COVID-19 as a public health emergency has raised questions about preparedness against future pandemics. The United States Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) with medically critical items such as ventilators and personal protection equipment for major public health emergencies...