We introduce new approaches to research on poverty traps, focusing on changes in patterns of equilibria over time and across regions, applied to the Ethiopia Rural Household Survey. We revisit the incidence of multiple equilibria using new nonparametric techniques; we also emphasize conditions...

Like any tax, the VAT is vulnerable to evasion and fraud. But its credit and refund mechanism does offer unique opportunities for abuse, and this has recently become an urgent concern in the European Union (EU). This paper describes the main forms of noncompliance distinctive to a VAT, considers...

In December 2015, ASEAN Member States (AMS; 10 countries in Southeast Asia) announced launching ASEAN Community, including ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). - The AEC's establishment in 2015, in fact, was progress toward, rather than a completion of, economic integration. - Complete integration...

Korean Abstract: 한국과 베트남은 1992년 12월 외교 관계를 수립한 이후 지난 30년간 괄목할 협력 성과를 이루었다. 양국 간 협력이 빠르게 늘어난 것은 양국이 지리적·역사적·문화적 유사성과 공통점을 보유했기 때문이다....

Korean Abstract: 본 보고서에서는 중장기 통상 이슈로서 글로벌 공급망 재편, 디지털 무역, 기후변화, 보건협력, 개발협력 등의 분야에서 주요 지역과의 협력 방향을 도출하고 이를 실천하기 위한 정책 방안을 제시하고자...

The healthcare industry in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is growing rapidly, owing to the increase in population and life expectancy, as well as healthcare expansion policies. However, medical supplies, medical staff, hospital beds, medical institutions, and healthcare services...