The authors propose a dynamic hierarchical linear model (DHLM) to study the variations in the costs of trade finance over time and across countries in dynamic environments such as the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. The DHLM can cope with challenges that a dynamic environment entails:...

To tackle rising obesity rates, countries such as UK, Mexico, France, Hungary, as well as some states of the United States, have introduced taxes on snacks with high-sugar content. These are commonly known as “sugar taxes”. A large part of consumption of the snacks targeted by these taxes,...