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This guide shows how a life cycle approach can be used to identify and reduce the environmental and health impacts of the products we use. It underlines the importance of considering these issues across the entire life cycle of a product and sets them within the context of policy development,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009640202
This Country Focus studies the development of private consumption in France during the decade before the crisis. Are French consumers greater spendthrifts than their European fellows? In this paper, we estimate a consumption function to show that strong growth of private consumption in France...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009641052
In Germany private consumption virtually stagnated for nearly a decade and clearly lagged behind GDP growth. This Country Focus uses the estimation of a consumption function to show that the drop in employment is the most important factor behind the reluctance to consume in the first half of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009641101
This report presents the external evaluation of the European Union's (EU) strategy of cooperation with the West Africa region and of its implementation over the period 2008-2016. Its main objectives are: i) to provide both the EU institutions and a broader audience with an independent and global...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012056094
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’s support to its partner countries in the energy sector. It covers interventions designed or implemented during the 1996 …’s interventions in the energy sector have aimed to contribute to three very different goals: - Improving access to energy in … developing countries as a means of reducing poverty; - Securing energy supplies to the EU; - Improving nuclear safety in the …
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