This study developed a self-gifting intention model which describes that consumer intention to purchase self-gift in an achievement context is influenced by four factors, i.e., the amount of effort, happiness of success/sadness of failure, the necessary of recovery, and reward/therapeutic mood....

Most research has shown that positive electric word-of-mouth (e-WOM) has positive effects, while negative e-WOM has negative effects on consumer attitude towards a product. However, negative e-WOM may have positive impacts rather than negative impacts. Using ANOVA in three experiments, this...

Callus induced from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides, a medicinal woody plant, was cultivated to produce a factor capable of enhancing collagen synthesis in animal cells (FECS). However, the callus was too rigid to be divided into small pieces by a hydrodynamic force during the cultivation, which...

Why so many givers become anxious in gift giving? Wooten (2000) provided an answer to the question by proposing a model of gifting anxiety. However, his model is lack of quantitative analysis to support its empirical adequacy. This study aims to expand Wooten's model with additional nine...