This paper seeks to go beyond the question of 'why free trade?' and pursues issues related to the tendency for controversial free trade agreements to become institutionalized. In other words, why do opponents of free trade not mobilize to overturn it? Even more puzzling, why do opposition...

This paper seeks to go beyond the question of 'why free trade?' and pursues issues related to the tendency for controversial free trade agreements to become institutionalised. In other words, why do opponents of free trade not mobilise to overturn it? Even more puzzling, why do opposition...

Beginning with the 1993 election, Canada's Progressive Conservative Party was replaced as the dominant force on the political right by the more ideological Reform Party/Canadian Alliance. This article examines what specific issues most centrally motivated this seismic shift among conservative...

In Perpetual Peace, Immanuel Kant presents six preliminary articles for perpetual peace beforethe three well-known definitive articles about republic constitutions, commercial relations, and international organizations. In his third preliminary article, Kant argues that “Standing Armies...

Two theoretical orientations, the instrumental and affective, have purported to explain interstate ethnic conflict. This investigation provides an initial assessment of the ability of affective motivations to account for properties of international crises. The point of departure is a review of...

Ostrom and Job (1986) found that domestic, political factors are more influential on the president's decision to use military force than characteristics of the international environment. These results pose a serious challenge to realists' assumptions regarding the motives of states and the...

This study focuses on the management of international crises from 1945 to 1979, with an emphasis on cases in the Arab-Israel conflict. A Protracted Conflict-Crisis Model is presented and tested. The findings indicate that Arab-Israel crises are distinctive, but not because of the their...

One of the most controversial subjects among students of international politics is the role of rational choice in deterrence. Disagreement is especially intense regarding application to the nuclear setting. Progress in that debate depends on identifying evidence appropriate for testing a wide...

We began this analysis with the point that the structural characteristics of collectivities of states have been largely ignored in studies of conflict and crisis. The analysis was aimed at identifying, operationalizing, and examining the effects of a set of such structural factors on process and...

From June 3 to 9, 1990, the Canadian federal and provincial governments bargained intensively over the final draft of a constitutional agreement known as the Meech Lake Accord. Although that crisis produced a tentative settlement, ratification ultimately failed in two provinces. The objective of...