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positively related to research and development investments, while openness to trade has a negative effect. I also find the …. However, in both sub-samples, research and development investments Granger-cause intellectual property protection levels …, whereas surprisingly, intellectual property protection does not Granger-cause research and development investments. …
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Patents on biomedical research tools - technological inputs to experimentation - may inhibit scientific inquiry and the … argues that institutions that fund and support biomedical research are resorting to an underappreciated model of private … ordering to resolve research holdup. Increasingly, federal and state agencies, universities, non-profits, and disease advocacy …
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When the home country introduces a patent law after the winner of the patent race is known the country's welfare may rise only if the domestic firm wins. If the home country decides before the patent race ends, the welfare may be increased when the probability that the domestic firm wins is...
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