Cultural diversity is a multifaceted concept that differs from the notion of media pluralism. However, the two concepts share important concerns particularly as regards content production, content distribution and access to content. This chapter considers the EU’s role in contributing to...

The European media industry is an essential contributor to Europe's democratic, cultural and economic life, but it faces significant competitive and technology challenges in the digital era. In line with the European Media and Audiovisual Action Plan, DG CONNECT launched two studies setting out...

Although the essential facilities doctrine has not been applied recently anymore in EU competition enforcement, it is regularly referred to in EU policy discussions as a tool to open up markets in which ‘tech giants' act as gatekeepers to consumers. Considering that the digital economy is not...