The Tank-to-Wheels study described in this report includes several different fuel-powertrain configurations for conventional (i.e. "ICE-only") as well as electrified (i.e. "xEV") vehicles. These configurations are considered for 2010 (representing vehicles on the market in the years 2008 to...

The use of biofuels in transport is being promoted as a means of tackling climate change, diversifying energy sources and securing energy supply. Biofuels production also provides new options for using agricultural crops. However, it also gives rise to environmental, social and economic concerns...

The use of biofuels in transport is being promoted as a means of tackling climate change, diversifying energy sources and securing energy supply. Biofuels production also provides new options for using agricultural crops. However, it also gives rise to environmental, social and economic concerns...

A dual ejector system with an intermediate Evaporating Tube was circulated at 11 laboratories to measure the Particle Concentration Reduction Factors (PCRF) at 30, 50 and 100 nm (as required by the legislation). In addition to this "Golden" Volatile Particle Remover (GVPR), a PALAS DNP 3000...

A dual ejector system with an intermediate Evaporating Tube was circulated at 11 laboratories to measure the Particle Concentration Reduction Factors (PCRF) at 30, 50 and 100 nm (as required by the legislation). In addition to this "Golden" Volatile Particle Remover (GVPR), a PALAS DNP 3000...

The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) (2009/28/EC) and the Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) (2009/30/EC), amended in 2015 by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 (so called 'ILUC Directive'), fix a minimum requirement for greenhouse gas (GHG) savings for biofuels and bioliquids for the period until 2020, and set...

The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) (2009/28/EC) and the Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) (2009/30/EC), amended in 2015 by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 (so called 'ILUC Directive'), fix a minimum requirement for greenhouse gas (GHG) savings for biofuels and bioliquids for the period until 2020, and set...

Directive EU 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources fixes a minimum requirement for greenhouse gas (GHG) savings for biofuels and bioliquids for the period from 2021 to 2030, and sets the rules for calculating the greenhouse impact of biofuels, bioliquids and...