the type of childcare used. Identifying attitude-practice dissonances matters because how they get resolved influences … participation and the use of formal childcare contradict their traditional prenatal attitudes. Women's prenatal earnings have an …

exploits the variation in the timing of interviews across individuals and the fact that childcare declines with the age of … grandchildren. We find that 10 additional hours of childcare per month, a 31 percent increase with respect to the sample average ….9 percentage points for grandfathers. These results suggest that policies that substitute informal with formal childcare can …

quality of these data. This paper investigates whether the secondary childcare questions in the ATUS are measuring the stated … construct alternative estimates that exclude time spent in secondary childcare that is inconsistent with other data collected … during the interview and find that the ATUS measure overestimates secondary childcare by at most 5 percent or about 16 …

as childcare and leave policies interaction. The findings from the fixed effects model reveal that childcare coverage for … gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …

A rich strand of the economic literature has been studying the impact of different forms of early childcare on children … of childcare policies in reducing inequality. Instead, heterogeneity of results across gender is less clear-cut. Yet, it … is important to understand how childcare arrangements differently affect boys and girls, to figure out how to boost …