The natural gas supply of the Eastern European countries located between Germany and Russia has always been problematic. A historical reliance on Russia has been eased by increased connectivity to the West. Recent developments may lead to a diversified source but via a single supply route,...

To understand the impact of keeping Nord Stream 2 off the map, we model the European natural gas market from the point of view of supply security. Focusing on the network aspects, we propose a novel framework to measure supply security, combining a linear programming approach with a risk...