In this paper, we provide evidence on two alternative mechanisms of interaction between returns and volatilities: the leverage effect and the volatility feedback effect. We stress the importance of distinguishing between realized volatility and implied volatility, and find that implied...

Whether idiosyncratic volatility has increased over time and whether it is a good predictor of future returns is a matter of active debate. We show formally through central limit arguments that there is a direct relationship between the dynamics of the cross-sectional variance of realized...