The natural gas supply of the Eastern European countries located between Germany and Russia has always been problematic. A historical reliance on Russia has been eased by increased connectivity to the West. Recent developments may lead to a diversified source but via a single supply route,...

Existing cooperative game theoretic studies of bargaining power in gas pipeline systems are based on the so called characteristic function form (CFF). This approach is potentially misleading if some pipelines fall under regulated third party access (TPA). TPA, which is by now the norm in the EU,...

To understand the impact of keeping Nord Stream 2 off the map, we model the European natural gas market from the point of view of supply security. Focusing on the network aspects, we propose a novel framework to measure supply security, combining a linear programming approach with a risk...