Building on an economic model of rational Bitcoin mining, we measured the carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining power consumption using feed-forward neural networks. We found associated carbon footprints of 2.77, 16.08 and 14.99 MtCO2e for 2017, 2018 and 2019 based on a novel bottom-up approach,...

Building on an economic model of rational Bitcoin mining, we measure the carbon footprint of Bitcoin mining power consumption using feed-forward neural networks. After reviewing the literature on deep learning methods, we find associated carbon footprints of 3.8038, 23.8313 and 19.83472 MtCOe...

This paper presents an overview of the procedures that are involved in prediction with machine learning models with special emphasis on deep learning. We study suitable objective functions for prediction in high-dimensional settings and discuss the role of regularization methods in order to...