Using Canadian national data from the Workplace and Employee Survey (WES), this study aims to identify predictors of participation in voluntary vocational training for female and male managers, respectively. Results show a higher rate of participation for female managers and a differential...

Unions in North America have had many problems organizing workers in the emerging private service sector. In this article, we explore the demand for collective representation in this sector as being a double probability of propensity to unionize and to be a member of a professional association....