The article discusses the ongoing green transition towards climate neutrality in 2050 with a focus on the options of green growth, zero- or de-growth. First, the key facts about the greenhouse effect and the status quo are shown with special attention to the industrialisation of emerging...

Part I - Financial sector, regulation, supervision and sustainability: Rute Saraiva, ESG factors in pensions funds regulations: Why, how far have they gone, and what is the potential for improvement? -- Luciane Moessa, Benchmarking of national ESG banking regulations: State of art and remaining...

This paper examines the determinants of voluntary individual carbon offsetting, i.e. the financial compensation of emissions from energy use. In contrast to former studies in this field, we particularly consider a comprehensive set of factors that are discussed in the context of voluntary...

This paper considers the impacts of "finance blending" whereby climate finance is added to international carbon markets for offset trading. The paper first discusses climate finance and the carbon market as free-standing finance solutions by high-income countries to increase mitigation in...