Purpose – This paper aims to analyse how the inherent design of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) violates the controllability principle. The management control literature provides convincing examples of actors who breach controllability without intention. This discussion was extended by the...

Performance measurement systems (PMS) like the BSC are not strategy neutral. They embed empirical postulates of generic strategic actions (cause-and-effect relationships) driving successful business performance and make specific prescriptions for managerial action. This paper shows that the...

Proponents of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) emphasize that the BSC translates strategy into action, but that Strategy Maps are a crucial mean to sustainable change. This literature review investigates how Strategy Maps are linked to strategic and organizational change. We aim at a better...

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) claims to maximize organizational performance through the management of different perspectives (e.g., financial, customers, internal processes, learning & growth). Most of the chosen measures are usually non-financial, as they are supposedly leading indicators of...

This case study is applicable both as an exam question and as a case study for class discussion. It allows for a broad discussion of most topics covered in both undergraduate and graduate courses in strategy or management accounting. Due to its breadth, the teacher can easily adjust the required...

Value-based Management (VBM) is an approach to corporate governance that aims at the long-term maximization of the total value of a company. By focusing on measurable performance indicators and forward-looking capital market expectations, VBM is to prevent selfish or short-sighted actions, e.g.,...