, secondary schools that practiced tracking and schools that did not practice tracking existed simultaneously from 1980 to 1997 …. This variation in tracking status between schools is used in a differences-in-differences approach. I estimate whether … tracking math, or not, in Swedish secondary school had any effect on the probability of having graduated upper-secondary school …

This paper studies the effects of tracking on student effort and academic achievement during secondary school. Students … tracking are most likely to be admitted to college, and the competitiveness of college admissions does not affect their effort …. As a result, tracking tends to perform worse in terms of average secondary-school academic achievement, as higher …

Tracking refers to the practice of dividing students by ability or achievement. Students may be tracked within schools … emphases, as has been practiced commonly in Europe. Proponents of tracking argue that tracking can increase the efficiency of … aggravating inequality. Evaluating effects of tracking on average student achievement and the distribution of achievement is …

either a one-axis or a two-axis solar tracking system. …