A fair and reasonable interest distribution mechanism is the key to ensuring the stable operation and efficient development of the 4PL cross-border e-commerce logistics alliance. This paper expounds the organizational form and service characteristics of 4PL cross-border e-commerce logistics...

This paper considers consumers' concerns about the conformance quality and greenness of products to investigate the impact of two coordination models, capital coordination and cost-sharing, on the optimal decision of a green supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and multiple retailers. The...

Introduction -- Manufacturing and Re-manufacturing Systems -- A Hidden Markov Model for Customer Classification -- Markov Decision Processes for Customer Lifetime Value -- Higher-order Markov Chains -- Multivariate Markov Chains -- Hidden Markov Chains