We consider a classic periodic-review perishable inventory system with a fixed product lifetime and zero replenishment lead time under a first-in-first-out issuance policy. Unsatisfied demand can be either lost or backlogged. The objective is to minimize the long-run average holding, penalty and...

A total minimum commitment contract is a supply contract under which a firm commits to buying a minimum quantity of a product from its supplier during the contract duration (e.g., one year). Such contracts are widely used in industries, because they provide the buyer with flexibility in terms of...