This study investigates how development of the local currency (LCY) bond market brings stability in the financial market. The analysis is based on annual economy panel data set for 1989–2020. The main findings are as follows. First, exchange rate volatility is lower during crisis periods if an...

We examine the importance of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in middle-income countries based on cross-country panel data for the period 1975-2014. We find that TFP growth contributed significantly to a country’s upward transition from middle-income to high-income country group. The TFP...

We propose an international economic agenda to overcome the growth limits of capitalism that can be supported by the United Nations. Sustainable Environment based global goals should be added to sustainable economy. For this, we propose dynamic balance between three sub-economies such as open...